The ultrafast light-induced fundamental mechanisms of photochromic molecular switches in functional photoresponsive systems are investigated in detail using femtosecond spectroscopy in close interaction with quantum chemical and -dynamical modelling of the systems. Of interest are energy, charge transfer, and exciton states that are caused by intra- and intermolecular electronic coupling between two or more chromophores as well as sterical and mechanical interactions between the molecular switches and the surrounding environment. The project aims to elucidate how switching is affected by these processes.